Different oil spill recovery facilities are suitable for different water environment and different oil types. Only when they work within the scope of their application can they give full play to their role and improve the efficiency of oil spill recovery. Therefore, in the oil spill emergency response, appropriate recovery equipment and equipment should be selected according to factors such as the location of the oil spill, sea conditions, oil spill volume and oil spill type.

The selection of recycling equipment must first consider the water environment, and then the type of oil spill. We divide waters into three types: open waters, shallow waters and swamp waters.

1. The selection of oil spill recovery equipment in open water

Oil spill recovery equipment used in open waters should have good wave-following performance and be easy to operate on working platforms such as ships to adjust the location of the oil spill recovery equipment. The types of oil spill recovery equipment suitable for this water area are: weir skimmer, dynamic slope skimmer, brush skimmer, belt skimmer, vertical rope skimmer, pan skimmer And oil collecting nets.

When using a large weir skimmer with a recovery rate of 50 to 400 m3/h in open water, the capacity of the oil storage device should be considered to meet the recovery capacity of the weir skimmer for 2-3 hours. If the storage volume is limited, the recovery efficiency will be affected.

2. Selection of oil spill recovery equipment in shallow water areas

Shallow water area refers to waters such as near shores, ports, lakes or rivers. Oil spill recovery equipment used in shallow water areas should have a simple structure and convenient operation. Large-scale recovery equipment is not suitable. Selection principle: The oil skimmer is small in size, shallow in draft, simple in structure, easy to operate, insensitive to sediments in shallow water such as sand, silt, silt, and stones, adapts to a certain water flow rate and is easy to deploy. However, oil spill recovery equipment in relatively open waters has low recovery efficiency. The types of oil spill recovery equipment suitable for this type of water area are: small weir skimmer, vacuum skimmer, rope skimmer, disc skimmer, mechanical skimmer, and dynamic slope skimmer And oil collecting nets.

The general principles for arranging oil skimmers in shallow water areas: (1) Place the oil skimmer on the bottom of the enclosure shape of the oil boom to ensure that it can be operated on shore or on a small boat; (2) The bottom of the enclosure shape is relatively fixed In a certain water area without current; (3) Easy to enter the area; (4) Prevent the oil skimmer from contacting the shoreline and dock.

Mini-weir skimmers and vacuum skimmers can be successfully used in calm waters with no flow or very small flow rate. They are small in size, easy to operate, and can be manually deployed. Use ropes or hydraulic pipes to move the skimmer to Where the oil film is thick.

Use a belt-type skimmer or claw with steel teeth to recycle dirty oil with garbage.

3. Selection of oil spill recovery equipment on shore

To deal with the oil spill on the beach, the height difference (inclined surface) of the beach should be used. The best way is to dig a pit at the bottom of the slope, lead the spilled oil into the pit, and recover the spilled oil with a vacuum skimmer, if necessary An excavator or bucket can be used to dig out the upper soil or sand. In order to prevent the oil from spreading further, lay an oil-absorbing boom to contain the oil. If the oil is fresh, it can be recovered with a vacuum skimmer. If the oil is not fresh (solidified), consider using high pressure cleaning Device.

Handle oil spills in shallow water areas such as swamps, wetlands or lagoons, use oil-absorbing booms to guide the spilled oil to the oil skimmer, and use rope skimmers or disc skimmers to recover the spilled oil. When selecting oil spill recovery equipment, the impact of garbage should be considered. If there is a lot of garbage in the water and the oil cannot be concentrated, the rope skimmer should be used first, and its coverage area is larger than that of the disc skimmer. The impact of equipment on the environment should also be considered. Heavy equipment may damage some sensitive areas, such as swamps or shallow water areas. Mechanical oil skimmers should be avoided.

In oil spill emergency operations, no matter the type and location of the oil spill, oil spill absorbent materials are commonly used.