Increasing pollution has brought extremely unfavorable consequences to the ecological environment. This problem has aroused great attention from relevant international organizations and governments of various countries. In order to prevent, control and reduce pollution, with the efforts of some countries and international organizations, the international community has successively formulated a series of conventions, which have played a positive role in preventing, controlling and reducing pollution. Although coastal governments and international organizations have formulated corresponding laws in response to their actual conditions, and the international community has also formulated a series of international conventions on world marine pollution, the situation of marine environmental pollution is still very serious. There are many causes of pollution, such as air pollution, noise pollution, and fresh water pollution. This article only discusses the causes and countermeasures of marine pollution.
1. Causes of pollution
1. Pollution caused by ships
What is pollution caused by ships means that various harmful substances enter the ocean due to ship manipulation, maritime accidents, and dumping at sea via ships, and the balance of the marine ecosystem is disrupted.
Characteristics of pollution caused by ships:
(1) Various pollutants are introduced into the ocean via ships.
(2) The entry of pollutants into the ocean is due to human factors rather than natural factors, which means that the pollution behavior is subjectively manifested as human intention or negligence. (Such as: tank washing sewage, engine room sewage discharged into the ocean without treatment).
(3) After pollutants enter the ocean, they cause or may cause damage to the marine ecosystem.
The pollution caused by ships is mainly manifested as:
(1) Ships are operating pollution sources. Such pollution is mainly caused by the deliberate or negligent actions of ship personnel. For example: some ship staff deliberately discharged cabin washing sewage containing harmful substances into the ocean, ship engine room staff deliberately discharged engine room sewage containing dirty oil into the ocean without treatment, and some were staggered due to lack of work responsibility The gate drains the fuel into the ocean.
(2) The pollution source of marine accidents is the pollution caused by various pollutants, mainly fuel spills, leakage caused by accident rupture of oil tanks, caused by marine accidents, such as ship collisions, grounding, and rocking.
(3) Ships dumping pollution sources; the generation of such pollution sources is mainly manifested in deliberately disposing of production waste and domestic garbage produced by land factories through ships, and sludge with pollutants produced by cleaning up polluted waterways and rivers. Sewage, dumped into the ocean. Therefore, ship pollution is one of the causes of marine pollution.
2. The pollution to the ocean caused by offshore oil development
The oil reserves in my country's seas are very rich, and most developers are currently engaged in exploration and development in offshore areas. With the rapid development of offshore oil exploration and development, some drilling ships and oil production platforms have artificially discharged a large amount of waste and oily sewage into the ocean. Therefore, offshore oil development is also one of the causes of ocean pollution. To varying degrees, it has caused certain impacts on the natural environment of my country's coastal waters. The pollution to the ocean caused by offshore oil development is mainly manifested in:
(1) Domestic waste, production (work) waste and oily sewage are discharged into the ocean.
(2) Accidents such as accidental oil spills, oil spills, and blowouts.
(3) Wastes and oily sewage generated during man-made and natural processes flow into the ocean. Petroleum enters the seawater, and the harm to marine life is very serious. After the oil enters the seawater, a large amount of dissolved oxygen in the seawater is absorbed by the oil, and the oil film covers the water surface, isolating the seawater from the atmosphere, causing the seawater to lack oxygen and causing marine life. death. The hazards to juvenile fish and fish eggs are great. The juvenile fish hatched in the oil-contaminated seawater are distorted and lifeless. The oil film and oil block can stick to a large number of fish eggs and juveniles to make them die. The oil pollution causes marine products such as economic fish and shellfish to produce oily odor. Adult fish and shellfish live in polluted sea water for a long time and accumulate certain harmful substances in their bodies. When they enter the market and are eaten by humans, they endanger human health.
3. The pollution of the sea from factories
With the continuous penetration of my country's reform and opening policy and the leap from a planned economy to a market economy, the use of tidal flat aquaculture by coastal residents is expanding year by year. From fish farming, shrimp farming, crab farming, to farming of more economically valuable and rare aquatic plants and animals. The development of these aquaculture industries has promoted the prosperity of the aquatic product market, enriched the people's dietary life, and improved their diet. Increase the economic income of farmers and create employment opportunities for some people.
The pollution of land factories to the ocean is mainly manifested in:
(1) Paper mills and chemical plants on both sides of rivers that are connected to the sea use rivers to discharge sewage into the sea.
(2) Industrial garbage and domestic garbage containing pollutants are dumped into river banks or river courses, and into the ocean with river water or fluctuations.
2. Countermeasures to prevent and protect marine pollution
The pollution of the ocean is caused by many factors. It is a process of long-term accumulation and gradual change from quantity to quality. Therefore, only one item of treatment cannot really solve the problem of marine pollution. As we all know, since 1979, my country has successively formulated and promulgated the "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China", "Marine Environmental Protection Law", "Water Pollution Prevention Law", "Management Regulations on Prevention and Control of Ship Pollution in Sea Areas", and "Marine Dumping Management Regulations." , "Port Waters Protection Regulations" and other laws and regulations specifically related to environmental protection and the prevention of marine pollution and water pollution. The "Law of the People’s Republic of China on Township and Village Enterprises" passed at the 22nd meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People’s Congress on October 29, 1996 applied to the registration of township enterprises in order to prevent pollution during the production and operation of township enterprises , Production projects, anti-pollution facilities, etc., have all made clear provisions, "Township and village enterprises must abide by relevant environmental laws and regulations, in accordance with national industrial policies, under the unified guidance of the local people’s government, take measures to actively develop pollution-free, Enterprises with pollution and low resource consumption should effectively prevent and control environmental and ecological damage, and protect and improve the environment."
With the gradual deterioration of the environment, various disasters are approaching people's lives in different forms, arousing great attention from the public and the government. In order to curb the continued deterioration of the environment, the government has formulated strict laws and regulations. Various activities with the theme of environmental protection organized by the public have also set off a climax.
Judging from the current ocean pollution phenomenon in my country, the main pollution is not caused by ordinary people. The reason is that most of the industrial and agricultural pollution and the destruction of the ecological environment are caused by different levels of managers for various reasons. Whether it is pollution of the sea by ships, or pollution of the sea by land. The result is an impact on humans, marine life, marine plants and the entire ecological environment.
